During the extraction of iron, the reduction of iron oxides takes place in the blast furnace. The production of iron in a blast furnace is a continuous process. Primetals technologies has provided blast furnace engineering, project excellence and expertise to customers worldwide for over a century. The raw ore is removed from the earth and sized into pieces that range from 0. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions byjus. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally iron, but also others such as lead or copper. This video demonstrates how to extract copper using a blast furnace. Once a blast furnace is started it will continuously run for four to ten years with only short stops to perform planned maintenance. Aug 03, 2011 extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace introduction the common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke.
The purpose of a blast furnace is to reduce and convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. The basic structure of the furnace is depicted in fig. Destruction and removal of pohcs in iron making blast furnaces. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and. It is lined with refractory firebricks that can withstand temperatures approaching 2000 o c. A mix of highvolatile, medium volatile and lowvolatile coal volatile meaning the relative content of xylene, toluene, butadiene and other aromatic hydrocarbons is coked meaning heated withou. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions. As the mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone heats, the hot waste gases are collected and cleansed.
Iron and steel production from iron oxides or iron ores. Improved blast furnace official feed the beast wiki. In the blast furnace process, the first step on the way towards heavy plate, pig iron is produced from iron ore. The blast of oxygen removes some of the impurities. Chemistry extraction of iron in blast furnace egogy youtube. Iron oxides can come to the blast furnace plant in the form of raw ore, pellets or sinter. In this simulation you will play the role of plant metallurgist in charge of the blast furnace operations. It is dropped into the top of a blastfurnace along with coke purified coal, almost pure carbon and limestone calcium carbonate. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure in a blast furnace, fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air sometimes with. The world leader in ironmaking solutions primetals technologies. Gcse chemistry extraction of iron picture of the blast. He washed ore is then strongly heated in the absence of air to expel water shacking to it. However, wood which is what charcoal is made from was becoming more expensive, as forests were being cleared for farmland and timber. The sludge from a wetoff gas cleaning system of the iron blast furnace bf contains significant amounts of iron.
Coke is produced by heating coal in the absence of air. The blast furnace is a large steel structure about 30 metres high. The combined mixture is called the charge iron ore, haematite often contains sand with iron oxide, fe 2 o 3 limestone calcium carbonate coke mainly carbon the charge is placed a giant chimney called a blast furnace. Iron is only a moderately reactive metal but it is less reactive than carbon. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace the significant reactions occuring within the blast furnace can be described via the following steps showing how the reducing agent varies depending on the height in the furnace i. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick. Our technology base covers the entire blast furnace process route from hot blast and raw material handling, through the furnace and casthouse, to gas cleaning and hot metal slag processing. The most common ore of iron is called haematite iron iii oxide. Processes and procedures in the extraction of iron. In this process, hot air is blown from the bottom of the furnace and coke is burnt to raise the temperature up to 2200 k in the lower portion itself. It is the upgraded tier of the crude blast furnace. Students annotate each stage to explain what is happening during the extraction of iron from the blast furnace.
They are then used to help heat the air blast, required if blast furnace is to reach the high temperatures needed to produce molten iron. Iron ores such as haematite contain iron iii oxide, fe 2 o 3. A blast furnace is a typical countercurrent reactor with a conical shape. The iron making blast furnace itself is built in the form of a tall chimneylike structure lined with refractory brick. The crude blast furnace is used to make steel and slag as a byproduct from version 0. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. The world leader in ironmaking solutions primetals. The earliest evidence of the use of a blast furnace in china dates to the 1st century ad, and cupola furnaces were used as early as the warring states period 403221 bc.
A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with refractory brick where the concentrated iron ore, coke, and limestone are dumped from the top, and a blast of hot air is blown into the bottom. The iron ore is first roasted in air to produce iron iii oxide which is mixed with coke and limestone and then further heated to a very high temperature in a blast furnace. Oct 22, 2019 the old metallurgical engineer and steelmaker says. The charge is placed a giant chimney called a blast. The top of the furnace is closed by a cupcone feeder. Process monitoring of ironmaking process in a blast. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. Three substances are needed to enable to extraction of iron from its ore. The principal function of a blast furnace is to continuously produce liquid hot metal viz. Blast furnaces are used continuously and are only shut down when their brick lining needs replacing. Up to 1709, furnaces could only use charcoal to produce iron.
Unlike the crude blast furnace, the improved blast furnace will automatically export steel and slag immersive. Process monitoring of ironmaking process in a blast furnace. Blast furnaces existed in china from about 1st century ad and in the west from the high middle ages. Concentration of ore calcination or roasting of ore.
One piece of coal coke will smelt exactly one iron ingot to create 1 steel ingot and slag. What are the pros and cons of the blast furnace method of. Write down the reactions taking place in different zones. The furnace is heated constantly and is recharged with raw materials from the top while it is being tapped from the bottom. The iron made from the blast furnace is transported to the bos vessel where it is mixed with controlled amounts of scrap steel. Iron ore, haematite often contains sand with iron oxide, fe 2 o 3. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. The blastfurnace industry took shape as a result of the development of the blooming processthe. Links revision quizzes revision questions the periodic table index metal quiz.
Hot air is blasted in from the side to provide oxygen that allows some of the carbon to burn, releasing enough heat to raise the temperature above 1500 o c. This page looks at the use of the blast furnace in the extraction of iron from iron ore, and the conversion of the raw iron from the furnace into various kinds of steel. Click on a part of the picture below for further information. The oxygen must be removed from the iron iii oxide in. Hottest part of the furnace at the bottom of the furnace, adjacent to the hot air blast entry points, the temperature reaches around 1800. In a blast furnace oxide ores of iron, after concentration through calcinationroasting are mixed with limestone. All the three ingredients are crushed into small round pieces and mixed and put on a hopper which controls the input. The improved blast furnace is a multiblock machine added by immersive engineering. The old metallurgical engineer and steelmaker says. Usage of the blast and cupola furnace remained widespread during the song and tang dynasties. Preheated air at about o c is blasted into the furnace through nozzles near its base the largest blast furnaces in the uk.
Students can also add the equations in the final square. An interactive animation representing the process of iron extraction in a blast furnace. This resource is from the unit extraction of iron which is part of absorb chemistry. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets css if. To improve the energy efficiency it is necessary to investigate how to improve the hot blast stove operation. Jul 21, 2014 iron ores are reduced by coke carbon in a blast furnace. The most common ore of iron is called haematite ironiii oxide. By malik mubashir university of the punjab lahore, pakistan 2. Blast furnace working animation extraction of iron metallurgy of iron. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get. Extraction of iron blast furnace skip navigation sign in. Blastfurnace production article about blastfurnace. Smelting the concentrated ore is mixed with calculated quantity of coke, limestone and the mixture is put in the blast furnace from top.
The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating. The process of the extraction of iron is carried out by the following steps. The iron blast furnace is a large, tall, vertical metallurgical furnace used for reducing molten iron from its oxide ores and is one of the major reactors in the iron making industry. Blast furnaces differ from bloomeries and reverberatory furnaces in that in a blast furnace, flue gas is in direct contact with the ore and iron, allowing carbon monoxide to diffuse into the ore and reduce the iron oxide to elemental iron mixed with carbon. Thus, it is the lower part where the reduction of iron. Shows how iron ore, limestone, and coke are handled and prepared for the blast furnace in the making of iron. Blast furnace definition of blast furnace by the free. It is the fourth most common element in the earths crust in its metallic state, iron is rare in the. The extraction of iron from its ores is quite a technical process. Can be used in conjunction with blast furnace powerpoint. It is by mass the most common element on earth, forming much of earths outer and inner core. The iron ore concentrate is now mixed and ready for the pelletizing process. Blasts furnaces are used for smelting during the production of metals such as iron, lead, zinc, and copper. A watercooled oxygen lance is lowered into the furnace providing a blast of high purity oxygen blasted at twice the speed of sound.
The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke. Oct 04, 2016 blast furnace extraction of iron from blast furnace class 12 ncert chemistry blast furnace working animation extraction of iron metallurgy of iron. Choose from 146 different sets of extraction of iron flashcards on quizlet. Chemistry extraction of iron in blast furnace egogy. These materials are loaded into the blast furnace from the top while a blast of hot air is introduced into it from beneath via small pipes known as tuyeres. Extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace introduction the common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. Automating the crude blast furnace via hoppers or any sort of piping is not possible. This can be used in conjunction with the blast furnace story board. Molten pig iron from the blast furnace is usually stored in a hotmetal mixer before transferring it to the steelmaking plant in a transfer ladle known as torpedo. Extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace. View our blast furnance animation and discover how abraham darby finally succeeded in. A blast furnace works by blasting hot air up through the furnace while fuels, limestone, and ore move continuously through the top of the furnace. Pdf characterization of blast furnace sludge and removal.
Iron making in the furnace usually continues for about ten years before the furnace linings have to be renewed. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. The furnace gets its name from the method that is used to heat it. Iron ores are reduced by coke carbon in a blast furnace. A powerpoint which goes through the stages of the blast furnace, including the equations to go with the stages. After iron ore is mined it is send to the blast furnace. Model development of a blast furnace stove sciencedirect.
The blast furnace is around 30 metres high and lined with fireproof bricks. Mar 06, 2016 introduction and construction blast furnace. The blast furnace is a cylindrical tower like structure about 25m to 35m high. Sep 04, 20 a furnace animation video by inventor duration.
Click the text button to show the chemical equation for each stage of the process. Feb 27, 2008 an interactive animation representing the process of iron extraction in a blast furnace. Blast furnace it is a tall cylindrical furnace made of steel. Write down the reactions taking place in different zones in. This page is best viewed in an uptodate web browser with style sheets css enabled. Learn extraction of iron with free interactive flashcards. Your aim is to optimise production of hot metal from your blast furnace by selecting appropriate raw materials, production statistics and charging rates.
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